At the earth’s surface, graphite is the stable crystalline form of carbon, with a density of 2.26 g/cm 3. Diamond is a much more compact form of carbon, with a density of 3.52 g/cm 3, 56% higher than ...

Sri Lanka has two monsoon seasons that occur at different times of the year depending on the part of the country. The northeast has monsoons from December through March. In the southwest, where most ...

Todd’s Gems Todd Wacks outlines how garnets believed to be “regular” Tanzanian rhodolite when discovered in the late 1980s turned out to be rare color-change pyropes instead. In this video, he ...

Figure 1. Spinel is available in a wide range of colors, as seen in this suite of round gems weighing 1.47–6.70 ct faceted by Bill Vance. Photo by Robert Weldon/GIA; courtesy of Vance Gems. Spinel has ...

This chart focuses primarily on the types of natural inclusions found in tourmaline, as well as the minerals in which tourmaline can be found as an inclusion. Treatments such as enhancement of ...

Figure 1. The five zircon samples used in this study, ranging in size from 0.56–21.92 ct, were analyzed for radioactive degradation of their crystal structure. Radioactive elements such as thorium and ...

GIA reports represent the highest standard of reliability, consistency and integrity. And now, GIA Report Check is available for all GIA reports, providing you with an additional level of assurance.

Jadeite jade, often cut as a cabochon, is one of the most valuable and culturally significant gemstones. - Courtesy Mason-Kay Fine Jade Jewelry Among gemologists, jadeite and nephrite have long been ...

This 17.53-carat amethyst displays a rich reddish purple color. - Lydia Dyer, Super Trillion Cut Amethyst gem courtesy of John Dyer & Co. Amethyst has been the most-prized quartz variety for centuries ...

Zircon’s typical greenish blue color has been referred to as zircon blue. - Lydia Dyer, gem courtesy of John Dyer & Co. Zircon is a gemstone that’s not commonly known among jewelry buyers, which is a ...

Yusuke Katsurada, Ziyin Sun, Christopher M. Breeding, and Barbara L. Dutrow ...

Comprehensive CAD/CAM For Jewelry Certificate This course covers the skills necessary to become a CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing) technician. Skills taught include using ...