You’re at the checkout screen after an online shopping spree, ready to enter your credit card number. You type it in and ...

Algorithms that have this characteristic—easy in one direction, hard the other—are known as trapdoor functions. Finding a good trapdoor function is critical to making a secure public key ...

If the algorithm begins with x, then it will select a sequence of edges consisting of an edge from x to a corner node, say u, an edge from u along the side of the square to v, an edge from v along ...

Algorithms, particularly in the form of artificial intelligence and machine learning, are proliferating in finance and changing how we make decisions. Algorithms have been around for a while in ...