Butyrate enhances Tfh cell function, promoting B cell–driven IgA antibody production and strengthening mucosal immune defense against intestinal pathogens such as Salmonella. In summary, the pathway ...

Food allergy, or the aggressive immune system reaction following the consumption of a certain food or food ingredient, typically involves immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies and can be potentially ...

A groundbreaking development in biomedical engineering has led to the creation of a human stomach micro-physiological system (hsMPS), representing a significant leap forward in understanding and ...