Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. The Universe is out there, waiting for you to discover it. Although it was more than 4½ billion years ago that planet Earth formed ...

Hydrothermal systems at mid-ocean ridges (MOR) transfer heat, metals, and carbon from Earth’s interior to the deep ocean, ...

Scientists at the University of California, Berkeley, and Boise State University have found evidence suggesting that the Marinoan glaciation began approximately 639 million years ago and lasted for ...

Glaciers reached Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in the most recent ice age about 20,000 years ago. But much harsher ice ages hit the Earth in an ancient geological interval known as “the Cryogenian Period” ...

Figure 1: Changes in the isotopic composition of the ocean across the Eocene/Oligocene transition. Figure 3: Simulations of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets for progressively lower values of CO 2. A ...

For insight into what can happen when the Earth's carbon cycle is altered -- a cause and consequence of climate change -- scientists can look to an event that occurred some 720 million years ago. New ...

Geologists have found evidence that sea ice extended to the equator 716.5 million years ago, bringing new precision to a "snowball Earth" event long suspected to have taken place around that time. The ...

Primitive humans, clad in animal skins, trekking across vast expanses of ice in a desperate search to find food. That’s the image that comes to mind when most of us think about an ice age. But in fact ...

Exploring how glaciation has shaped the coastline of north Norfolk and the land bridge that once connected the UK with mainland Europe. LIZ BONNIN: Hi, I’m Liz Bonnin. Now Britain is, of course, an ...

Glaciers reached Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in the most recent ice age about 20,000 years ago. But much harsher ice ages hit the Earth in an ancient geological interval known as "the Cryogenian ...