Because unpleasant withdrawal symptoms fuel nicotine addiction’s high relapse rate, targeting their underlying mechanisms with treatments may promote continued abstinence from the drug. In a new ...

Researchers at University of Tsukuba have identified a previously uncharacterized neural circuit that directly links emotional processing to arousal. In the pathway, GABAergic neurons in the bed ...

When engineers build AI language models like GPT-5 from training data, at least two major processing features emerge: memorization (reciting exact text they’ve seen before, like famous quotes or ...

Stanford Medicine investigators have replicated, in a lab dish, one of the most prominent human nervous pathways for sensing pain. This nerve circuit transmits sensations from the body’s skin to the ...

Neural circuits associated with three cortical regions in cognitive generalization with different manifestations from different species. (A) Emotionrelated brain regions mainly project to PFC and OFC; ...