The exponential growth of biomedical data—from multi-modal medical images to high-throughput omics profiles—has intensified the need for unsupervised learning methods capable of extracting meaningful ...

K-means is comparatively simple and works well with large datasets, but it assumes clusters are circular/spherical in shape, so it can only find simple cluster geometries. Data clustering is the ...

Understanding driver behavior is critical for enhancing road safety and enabling proactive interventions. While prior studies have largely focused on driver-specific profiles (e.g., aggressive, ...