CMOS opened the door for many if not most of the properties needed for today’s highly integrated circuits and low power portable and mobile devices. This really couldn’t happen until the speeds and ...

A layout-dependent circuit-design model from Toshiba helps boost gate density and improve cost-performance in next-generation 45-nm CMOS technology. More specifically, 45-nm CMOS gate density can be 2 ...

Using just two NAND or inverter gates its possible to build a D type (or ‘toggle’) flip-flop with a push-button input. At power-up the output of gate N2 is at a logical ‘1’, ensuring that transistor T2 ...

Density and speed of IC’s have increased exponentially for several decades, following a trend described by Moore’s Law. While it is accepted that this exponential improvement trend will end, it is ...

Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technology is a vital part of modern electronics, used in designing and manufacturing integrated circuits (ICs) that power many digital devices. CMOS ...

Leakage in IC designs constitutes a significant amount of power dissipation because CMOS gates are not ideal switches. The leakage in CMOS gates varies significantly for different combinations of ...